Period |
Event |
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Hunter Gatherers |
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The first settlers: the Khirokitians |
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Chalcolitic (Copper) Age: stone crucifix pendants are carved |
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Cypriot Bronze Ages, Early and Middle: cattle, horses, and bronze making are introduced as well as highly indi- vidual pottery style |
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The Late Bronze Age: period of sophisticated literate city states such as Enkomi-Alasia and Kition |
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Hittite rule in Cyprus |
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Beginning of the Egyptian domination of the island |
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Establishment of the city states of Salamis (capital at the time), Soli, Marion, Paphos, Kurium, and Kyrenia; arrival of Greek colonies |
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Iron Age - Cypro-Geometric Period. The coming of Iron, the Dorians and a Dark Age also known as Cypro-Geometric I and II |
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Iron Age - Cypro-Geometric Period. The Phoenician-led Renaissance and Assyrian rule on the island. |
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Iron Age - Cypro-Archaic Period. Time of the city-kingdoms despite the island being ruled by a succession of foreign countries for much of the period (Assyrians, from 709 BC; Egyptians, from c.570 BC; and Persians, from 545 BC). |
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Egyptian domination |
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Iron Age - Cypro-Classical Period sees the Persian occupation and the rule of the island and the duel between the city kingdoms of Kition and Salamis. |
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Hellenistic rule: the heirs of the Alexander the Great rule the island |
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Roman Empire ruling Cyprus: 350 years of quiet provincial prosperity |
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Island becomes a part of the Byzantine Empire when Cyprus is gradually converted from paganism to Orthodox Christianity (Early Byzantine period) |
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A second Dark Age: the island is caught on the frontier between the two warring empires of Byzantium and Islam |
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Return of the island to Byzantium (Late Byzantine period) |
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Rule of the island by Richard I (the Lionheart), of England and later by the Knights Templars |
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Rule of the island by the Frankish Lusignan Dynasty |
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Venetian domination of Cyprus |
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Conquest of the island by the Ottoman Empire |
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In accordance with a defence-alliance between Britain and the Ottoman Empire, the administration of Cyprus passes to Britain |
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Cyprus is annexed by Britain when Ottoman Empire enters into the World War I on the side of Germany; subsequently the island becomes a Crown Colony and under the British rule |
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Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus (by the Turkish and Greek-Cypriot communities) |
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Inter-communal strife in Cyprus and the subsequent collapse of the constitutional rule |
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Coup d'etat by the Greek army officers stationed on the island to overthrow the President (Makarios) with the aim of uniting the island with Greece; subsequent Turkish Military intervention (under the provisions of the Treaty of Guarantee of the Republic of Cyprus) |
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Division of the island into Turkish-Cypriot North and Greek-Cypriot South |
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Declaration of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, to pave way for a federal settlement on the island |
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Foundation of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus |
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The 'Republic of Cyprus' (effectively the Greek-Cypriot South Cyprus) applied for full membership to the EU on 4th July 1990. This application was made without the consent of the Turkish-Cypriot Community as was required by the Constitution of the 'Republic of Cyprus'. |
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Dialogue and negotiations between Denktash & Klerides to unify the North & South before EU entry |
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After 30 years borders open between North and South Cyprus on 23 April 2003, following the Turkish-Cypriot Authorities' ease the border restrictions. |
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Twin-Referendums on uniting the island under the UN Annan's Plan - accepted by Turkish-Cypriots, but rejected by Greek-Cypriots. Island (effectively Greek-Cypriot Southern Cyprus) becomes a member of the EU. |
